ABSTRACT GUIDELINES

Abstract is a single paragraph, without subheadings, indentation or references. It should be an explicit summary of your presentation that states the problem, the objectives, the methods used, and the major results and conclusions. It should be single-spaced in 11-point Times New Roman.

Do not include bullets/lists or references in the abstract. If there is a need to cite references, please provide the sources in brackets. Use only the SI units. Use a negative exponent (e.g. kgm-3) and do not indicate units as divisions (e.g. kg/m3). Chemical formulae should be written in standard form such as “CaCO3”, not as “CaCO3”. Use a zero before decimal points such as “0.45,” not “.45.”

The first part of your abstract should state the problem or issue you set out to solve and explain your rationale for pursuing the research. The purpose of your study is to solve this problem and/or add to your discipline’s understanding of the issue. Your abstract should also describe the research methods. Next, your abstract should indicates the results or outcomes of the work you have done so far.

Finally, your abstract should close with a statement of the project’s implications and contributions to its field. The content of the abstract will be the basis for acceptance of paper presentation at the international research conference. The abstracts will be peer-reviewed and authors will be informed about acceptance for presentation via email. Be sure to adhere to the word limitation for the abstract (175 -250 words).

The abstract should be submitted in the format of MS Word (.doc or .docx) document. Keywords should be given leaving one-line space below this text. Keywords: single, paragraph, summarizes, words indentation (maximum 6 words)

Themes: (Select the theme for your oral and poster presentation. Visit the website and refer the conference tracks indicated)

Ø  ** Please note that, this format is provided for informative abstract (complete abstract). Descriptive and critical abstracts are also welcomed and authors are encouraged to follow specific standards.

SAMPLE ABSTRACT

TITLE OF PAPER

Surname INITIALS1, Surname INITIALS1* and Surname INITIALS2

1department and Intuition address

2 department and Intuition address

*author@gmail.com (*Corresponding author’s email only)

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is one of the common immortal pathogens that cause intense chronic infections in low-immunity patients, significantly evading the immune system and suppressing the respiratory system. This work reports on the synthesis of prominent members of the carbon family, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), from a natural carbon precursor, Citrus medica (C. medica) fruit, and their inhibiting property against P. aeruginosa. CQDs synthesized by the conventional hydrothermal method with an average particle size of 4.5 nm exhibit renowned antimicrobial properties. To enhance the properties of the CQDs, nitrogen was doped using ammonium hydroxide as a nitrogen source, and absorption and fluorescence studies and the elemental composition of CQDs were also reported. CQDs potentially inhibited the growth of bacteria at the lowest concentration level of 1.25% (v/v). Similarly, CQDs moderately inhibited biofilm formation at the concentration level of 0.07% (v/v) for both clinical and control strains of P. aeruginosa. A fluorescence microscopy study revealed that the treated strain shows a moderately reduced biofilm formation when compared to the control strain of P. aeruginosa PAO1.

Body of the text (abstract) maximum 250 words

Keywords: single, paragraph, summarizes, words indentation (maximum 6 words)